مهرجانا «إيزيس» و«القومي» في القاهرة يحتفيان بنجمات المسرح العربي
John Bushnell, U.S. diplomat in Latin America, dies at 88
Mr. Bushnell served for more than three decades in the Foreign Service, developing a reputation, a Washington Post reporter once wrote, for his “economic and trade policy expertise, his bureaucratic lasting power and his extensive diplomatic experience.”
He spent years of his career in Latin America, beginning with his first overseas assignment as an economic officer in Bogotá, Colombia, in the early 1960s. He was sent later that decade in similar roles to the Dominican Republic and Costa Rica.
Mr. Bushnell served as deputy assistant secretary of state for inter-American affairs under President Jimmy Carter, who sought to elevate human rights as a concern in U.S. foreign policy. Latin America figured prominently in discussions of human rights at the time, with the repressive regime of Gen. Augusto Pinochet in power in Chile, a military dictatorship carrying out the “Dirty War” in Argentina, and conflict and unrest in Nicaragua and El Salvador. Policy debates often pitted human rights activists against advocates for muscular U.S. support of foreign governments that resisted communist movements.
During the Reagan administration, Mr. Bushnell served as acting assistant secretary of state before being posted to Buenos Aires as deputy chief of mission in the aftermath of the Falklands War, in which the British military crushed an effort by Argentina to claim control of the Falkland Islands.
Perhaps the most dramatic episode of Mr. Bushnell’s career occurred in December 1989, when President George H.W. Bush ordered the invasion of Panama to topple Noriega, who, among other concerns, had been indicted in the United States on extensive drug trafficking charges.
Mr. Bushnell was serving at the time as deputy chief of mission in Panama City and said that Secretary of State James A. Baker III called him on a secure line to inform him of the impending attack.
“There are only two people in the entire State Department who are going to know about this, and we are on this phone,” Baker said, Mr. Bushnell recounted in an oral history with the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training. “Operational secrecy is essential to success. Your job is to have a government stand up as the troops land. Can you do that?”
Mr. Bushnell readied Guillermo Endara, an opposition leader who had won an earlier election nullified by Noriega, to take power, and who was ultimately sworn in as president. Mr. Bushnell remained in Panama until his retirement in 1992, retaining a role that a Los Angeles Times reporter described as “the closest thing the United States has to a proconsul.”
In 1990, Bush nominated Mr. Bushnell to be ambassador to Costa Rica, but the nomination was ultimately withdrawn, reportedly in part because of opposition by U.S. Sen. Jesse Helms of North Carolina, the ranking Republican on the Foreign Relations Committee.
John Alden Bushnell was born in Glen Cove, N.Y., on July 26, 1933. He grew up in Winsted, Conn., where his father owned a store, and where one of Mr. Bushnell’s closest childhood friends was future consumer advocate and presidential candidate Ralph Nader. Mr. Bushnell’s mother was a teacher.
Mr. Bushnell received a bachelor’s degree in economics from Yale University in 1955. He served in the Air Force and continued his studies of economics at the University of Melbourne in Australia, where he received a master’s degree in 1959. He entered the Foreign Service shortly thereafter.
In addition to his postings in Latin America, Mr. Bushnell served as an economic officer in Geneva and with the staff of the National Security Council.
Besides his son, of Mina, S.D., survivors include his wife of 59 years, the former Ann Morel of Leesburg; two other sons, Mark Bushnell of McLean, Va., and Timothy Bushnell of Oxford, Pa.; eight grandchildren; and 12 great-grandchildren.